一篇帶你認識帆船競賽中常見的三種船體，分別在比賽中特定的操作和應用

Image source: America's Cup official website (Image 1), zimsailing (Image 2, Image 3).

“帆船比賽是一項競技性很高的運動，在賽場中也經常見到單體船、雙體船、三體船，三種船體分別在比賽中也都有其特定的操作和應用。”

一起認識賽場中的三種船體外型特點以及辨識方式

• 單體船

  A monohull sailboat refers to a type of sailboat with a single hull and a mast. Monohull sailboats are usually smaller in size, faster in speed, and more agile in maneuverability, making them suitable for competitions with calm wind and waves. Common examples of monohull sailboats are Laser and Optimist.

• 雙體船

  A catamaran is a type of sailboat with two parallel hulls, which offers greater stability than a monohull boat but slower speeds. They are suitable for competitions in rougher waters. Common types of catamarans include the Hobie Cat and Nacra.

• 三體船

  A trimaran is a type of sailboat with three hulls. Trimarans offer better stability and speed than monohull and catamaran sailboats, but they are also more complex to operate and maintain. Common examples of trimarans include the F-18 and AC72.

比賽中的不同船體的操作差異？

In sailing races, different boat types require different operations. For example, in a monohull boat, the helmsman controls the rudder and the mainsheet to adjust the sail angle and tension to control the boat's heading and speed. In contrast, in a catamaran or trimaran, with two or three hulls, there is more control required. In these boats, the helmsman controls the rudder at the bow, and the crew adjusts and controls the sail angle and tension to achieve the optimal heading and speed. Furthermore, catamarans and trimarans require more skills and coordination during turns and boat adjustments.

Monohulls are mostly used in single or double-person events, such as Laser and 470 at the Olympics, while catamarans and trimarans are more suitable for team competitions, such as the AC45 and AC72 at the America's Cup. In addition, trimarans' stability and carrying capacity are more suitable for long-distance sailing in ocean races.

結論

In summary, each type of boat, monohull, catamaran, and trimaran, has its unique appearance and identification features and plays different advantages and limitations in different usage scenarios and types of races. Knowing the characteristics and applicable scenarios of various boats, as well as mastering the corresponding operation skills and coordination abilities, is an essential prerequisite for becoming an excellent sailor.

In addition to being used in competitions, these three types of boats also have various applications in daily life. Mono-hull boats are commonly used for activities such as short-distance travel, entertainment, and fishing. Catamarans and trimarans, on the other hand, are better suited for long-distance voyages and explorations, such as circumnavigations and wilderness expeditions, and so on.